Three-Dimensional-Bioprinted Liver Chips and Challenges

Drug testing, either on animals or 2D cell cultures, has its limitations due to inaccurate mimicking of human pathophysiology. The liver, as one the key organs that filters and detoxifies blood, is susceptible drug-induced injuries. Integrating 3D bioprinting with microfluidic chips fabricate organ-on-chip platforms for liver cultures continuous perfusion can offer a more physiologically relevant liver-mimetic platform screening drugs studying function. development may ultimately contribute personalized medicine well body-on-chip technology test drug responses organ–organ interactions single linked chip model.